Environmental Factors Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Factors - Case Study Example Cultural, political, economic, technological, and competitive environments differ from nation to nation. Marketing on a global scale requires that Sam' Club representatives make adjustments to existing marketing plans to meet local conditions; understanding the nuances of these environmental factors will prove advantageous. Market research, such as that done by Wal-Mart Sotres, Inc., plays a very large role in addressing these factors and understanding the adjustments that must be made to effectively market on an international level. Social and cultural environmental factors focus on the interactions of groups of people within a nation: characteristics, growth projections, numbers, and interactive behaviors (Bearden, et al., 2003). The economic environmental factor refers to the buying power of potential consumers. Understanding how strong or weak the consumer economy is in a new country will ensure Sam's Club's ability to meet and exceed the customers' expectations and needs. Marketing practices and several ethical concerns can be discovered by researching a nations political system. For example, labor laws vary from one nation to another; advertising laws may be different and various regulations in different nations can affect marketing practices and, occasionally, marketing effectiveness (Bearden et al., 2003). Technological environmental factors involve trends in innovations; these factors can determine how marketing plans are performed or carried out. Finally, the competitive environmental factors entail un derstanding how many organizations currently compete to serve the consumers with similar product lines and services offered by Sam's Club (Bearden, et al., 2003). Cultural differences from nation to nation will sometimes effect the types of products to be offered. Armstrong and Kotler (2005) use McDonald's as an example of using product diversity to market to different nations: McDonald's uses the same basic operating formula in its restaurants around the world but adapts its menu to local tastes. It uses chili sauce instead of ketchup on its hamburgers in Mexico. In Vienna, its restaurants include "McCafes," which offer coffee blended to local tastes, and in Korea, it sells roast pork on a bun with a garlicky soy sauce. In India, where cows are considered sacred, McDonald's serves chicken, fish, vegetable burgers, and the Maharaja Mac- two all-mutton patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame-seed bun (p. 534). Armstrong and Kotler (2005) have effectively demonstrated how McDonald's was able to address and overcome cultural environmental factors by offering something other than hamburgers to countries and societies that do not eat them. To successfully enter new cultural markets, Sam's Club, along with Wal-Mart Stores Inc., will need to research differences in brand and product expectations, as well as the delivery of these products. Growing technology allows Sam's Club and marketing research teams in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., to monitor the and identify key environmental factors by tracking marketing trends; for example, demographic research and other data can prove to be invaluable for use as marketing tools. By using technology, such

Talent planning in organisations Essay Example for Free

Talent planning in organisations Essay Before an organisation is able to carry out talent planning activities there are a few contingencies and factors that could affect the business in resourcing talent affectively. One of the main factors to consider is the location of the business. The location could mean there is a lack of talent or abundance. For example an IT company would attract the best talent from either Silicon Valley or Bangalore, however if the company is based in Glasgow how will the convince the best talent to come and move there. A second factor is the budget. This is an issue for smaller or start-ups. Not having the right amount of budget or having no budget means you are restricted to the resources you can use to attract the best talent such a specialist recruitment agencies or advertising on industry specific job boards as they can be quite costly. Business objectives a further more factor. As one of the objectives of the company would be to have good retention of staff however that might mean if they doing a good job of the retention of staff they might not necessarily need to hire new staff. Lastly whether a company is growing or expanding is another factor. If a company is expanding than this will have to be taken into account however if a company is not expanding will increasing or atleast attracting talent be made more difficult? As potential employees will want to work for a company that is growing and not one that is shrinking or making cut backs. While a company is thinking about recruiting talent they also need to realise the benefits and strengths of having a diverse work force. For example one of the benefits is you will attract more skills and strengths with a diverse work force. BY recruiting from only one region for example you could not get the expertise of someone who might be in the same industry from a different region who would know the market better. As a result of this another benefit is getting different points of view. By ensuring you have a diverse work force you are able to get new eyes on a problem and find better solutions. A third and final reason is who that you are recognised as an employer of choice where by you can in the long run attract better talent as you have a diverse work force to begin with. Although a company needs to recruit and they have been able to attract the talent, when it comes to the right selection there a number of factors which can affect this. For example the time limits, when a company has a job role that needs to be filled quickly  due to how pivotal the job is to the organisations day to day running it can mean due to the time limit they might make the wrong decision. Another factor is the types of skills and the culture. Although on paper the candidate might seem the best and has experience sometimes some skills are not measurable until the person is working for the company and as a result even though you might have made the right decision based on paper in reality they might not be the best person for the job. And finally the last reason would be for the type of role. Some roles are really specific to a certain industry, you might be able to attract the talent but due to there being such a specialist in the field you might not be able to select the exact person as there is no set process to decide who the right fit will be for the roles due to the nature of the role.

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Is Hamlet Mad? :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Is Hamlet Mad? Perhaps the world's most famous mental patient, Hamlet's sanity has been argued over by countless learned scholars for hundreds of years. As a mere student of advanced-level English Literature, I doubt I can add anything new to the debate in 2000 words, but I can look at the evidence supporting or dispelling each argument and come to my own conclusion. Hamlet is obviously experiencing grief and despair right from the beginning of the novel, with the death of his father and his uncle's seizure of the throne and rapid weddign of Hamlet's mother, and we can observe his great grief bordering on irrational suicidal tendencies as early as Act II Sc I, where he gives his first soliloquy. He cries: "O that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter!" Macbeth wants his flesh to dissolve into a dew ("solid" contrasting with "melt" in the first line), and wishes that God had not forbade suicides from going to heaven. This is also the first glimpse of another recurring theme in the play, that of Hamlet's unhealthy obsession with the afterlife. This is one of the reasons that the ghost of his father has such an effect on him, which is a trigger for all the subsequent events in the play. Moving on to the fourth scene, the next interesting speech is on l. 23. It is a long and complicated speech, but its general gist is that if a person has one fault, no matter how virtuous they may be in other ways, they are soiled by "the stamp of one defect". This speech is quite ironic, because it is Hamlet's "one defect" (his hesitancy and inability to take action), regardless of his other qualities (such as honour and integrity), will be the main reason why the play ends so tragically. Although we are supposed to suspect that "something is rotten in the state of Denmark", as Horatio puts it, from the start of the play, it is only when Hamlet talks with the ghost of his father in Act I Sc V that we realise the full extent of his uncle's treachery. When he first sees the ghost, Horatio and Marcellus try to restrain him, Horatio saying: "What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form, Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason,

Management Policy & Strategy Essay

Management Policy and Strategies course was very interesting and at the same time important for my career goal. I really wasn’t sure what I was going into when I signed up for this course, however I was able to learn much from it, thanks to Professor Dennis Strouble and all of my wonderful classmates. The position that I hold currently at my place of employment is Program Coordinator, however the duties that I am responsible for fall under a manager’s position, therefore I am able to bring information that I have learned in this class to my work place. SWOT analysis section of this course was also very interesting. Even though I had heard of the SWOT analysis before, I really didn’t pay too much mind to it, but now that I took this course I am more knowledgeable about it. Because I can implement SWOT analysis into not only at my workplace but in my personal life, as well, therefore I consider it very important to know. SWOT stands for: Strengths, Weaknesses, Oppo rtunities, and Threats. Knowing this information and the meaning to it will make me able to input analysis into what I currently do now and in the future. Performing internal and external analysis is an important factor to when managing a business or even a department. Since job plays a manager role, I will be able to perform duties and really look at the department policies and tasks processes and analyze the internal and external areas within the program organization. I deal with low-income families, monthly and quarterly reporting, day-to-day administration, finance, etc. and learning everything I learned in this course will make a positive input to the program, to the organization and most importantly to the federal fund institution that is funding our program. Understanding implementation is an important key to my job. Implementing new ideas and processes is part of my job daily. Therefore, with all the information that I learned which I have not mentioned all, these are some i mportant factors that I will be able to utilize in the business that I am currently in moving forward. Having a professor that actually cares and enjoys teaching (and does a great job at it) really helped me understand the material. I do appreciate the time and effort that you have provided for my classmates and me.

Marie Antoinette: Research Paper

Melissa Arias Alma Aguilar Political Science 101 24 September 2012 Marie Antoinette â€Å"Let them eat cake† is probably one of the most recited quotes around the world, which is known to be spoken by the last Queen of France, Marie Antoinette. Although often reffered to as â€Å"The Party Queen† or in other words, the Queen who danced while her people starved. But what many fail to recognize is the fact that Marie Antoinette was the Queen who cared for her people. The only think she cared for more than the welfare of her people, was the welfare of her children.In order for one to understand and have the ability to fully understand the French Revolution, and Monarchy, one must go back and analyze Marie Antoinette's personal background, her political contributions and achievements, and her political influences. Personal Background Marie Antoinette (Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria) was born in Vienna, Austria on November 2nd, 1755. â€Å"She was the fifteenth child, and eleventh (and last) daughter of the Emperor Francis 1st of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Austria, at the head of the Habsburg dynasty†(Moore 3).Francis 1st died in August 1765, leaving his wife and his elder son to co-rule his empire. â€Å"To promote diplomatic relationships with France, Marie Antoinette was asked to marry Louis Auguste, the Dauphin of France† (Campan 3). With the conclusion of the Seven Years' War in 1763, an alliance between Austria and France became a priority for Empress Maria Theresa; cementing alliances through matrimonial connections was a common practice among European royal families at the time. In 1765, the son of French Emperor Louis XV, Louis Ferdinand, died, leaving his 11-year-old grandson Louis Auguste heir to the French throne.Within months, Marie Antoinette and Louis Auguste were pledged to marry each other. A child of only 14 years, delicately beautiful with gray-blue eyes and ash-blonde hair, in May 1770, â€Å"Marie Antoinette set out for France to be married, escorted by 57 carriages, 117 footmen and 376 horses. On May 16, 1770, Marie Antoinette and Louis Auguste were married†. (Campan 6) † Louis XV passed away in 1774, and Louis Auguste succeeded him to the French throne as Louis XVI, making Marie Antoinette, at 19 years old, Queen of France†(Barker 9).However, as personalities went Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette could not have been more different. He was introverted, shy and indecisive, a lover of solitary pleasures such as reading and metalwork. She was vivacious,outgoing and bold, a social butterfly who loved gambling, partying and extravagant fashions. Political Influences and Development Though many have argued that Marie Antoinette did not have any political development or influences, due to her social and eccentric ways, Marie always referred to someone in her life as the main source of admiration. Her Mother, Queen Maria Theresa, Marie often spoke of her with profound respect, but she based all her schemes for the education of her children on the essentials which had been neglected in her own†(Barker 9). Maria Theresa, often was inspired awe by her great qualities, taught the Archduchesses to fear and respect rather than to love her. â€Å"The Empress was too much taken up with high political interests to have it in her power to devote herself to maternal attentions. â€Å"(Campan 8) The queen's influence on domestic policy before 1789 has also been exaggerated. Her interference in politics was usually in order to obtain jobs and money for her friends. It is true, however, that she usually opposed the efforts of reforming ministers such as A. R. J. Turgot (1727–1781) and became involved in court scandals against them. â€Å"( Moore 12 ) â€Å"Activities such as the â€Å"diamond necklace affair,† where the queen was accused of having an improper relationship with a wealthy church official in exchange for an expensive necklace, inc reased her unpopularity and led to a stream of pamphlets and articles against her†(Barker 11).The fact that after the birth of her children Marie Antoinette's way of life became more restrained did not alter the popular image of an immoral and extravagant woman. As soon as the arrival of a stranger of rank at Vienna was made known, the Empress brought her family about her, admitted them to her table, and by this concerted meeting induced a belief that she herself presided over the education of her children. Contributions and WrittingsFrom the beginning of the revolution, Marie Antoinette and Louis had hopes for a compromise: in other words, a constitution that would include the monarchy. Trying to re-establish normalcy, Marie Antoinette continued her generous patronage of the poor children of Paris. â€Å"At the fireworks celebrating the marriage of the young prince and princess in May 1774, there was a stampede in which many people were killed. Louis and Antoinette gave all of their private spending money for a year to relieve the suffering of the victims and their families. (Campan 2)Marie-Antoinette's reputation for sweetness and mercy became even more entrenched in 1774, when as the new Queen she asked that the people be relieved of a tax called â€Å"The Queen's belt,† customary at the beginning of each reign. â€Å"Belts are no longer worn,† she said. She also spent as much time as possible with her own children, particularly the dauphin. â€Å"(Moore, 8). Much of the writings Marie wrote was her diary which is filled with a young girl's feelings about her arranged marriage.She describes a French Court dominated by intricate rules of etiquette and protocol and excessive attention to fashion and grooming. In her last letter, Marie-Antoinette wrote to her sister-in-law Madame Elisabeth: â€Å"‘Happiness is doubled when shared with a friend'†¦. † ( Campan 4 )In those words are contained the value she placed on friends hip to her happiness. The queen had a great capacity for friendship, although she was not always smart in her choice of companions. Conclusion The story of revolution and resistance in 18th-century France is a complicated one, and no two historians tell the story the same way.However, it is clear that for the revolutionaries, Marie Antoinette’s significance was mainly, powerfully symbolic. â€Å"She and the people around her seemed to represent everything that was wrong with the monarchy and the Second Estate: They appeared to be tone-deaf, out of touch, disloyal (along with her allegedly treasonous behavior, writers and pamphleteers frequently accused the queen of adultery) and self-interested†( Moore 17 ). What Marie Antoinette was actually like was beside the point; the image of the queen was far more influential than the woman herself. Marie Antoinette was the Austrian born child bride of the future King Louis XVI of France. It was an arranged marriage designed to (hopefully) create a better relationship between the two countries which was a common practice by the Monarchy to reduce conflicts and warfare between Nations†(Campan 7). The French people resented the Austrian Queen and she was the subject of numerous rumors that she had been planted in France as a spy, was a spendthrift, was cold, cruel, evil, mean and any number of other charges.In truth, she was a well educated woman with excellent regal poise, she was a well qualified linguist, played the Harp with great versatility, was an accomplished equestrian and was considered to be an excellent mother to her four children. † She was put to death during the French Revolution at the age of 37 on 16 October 1793. † (Marie Antoinette Biography 3) Marie Antoinette was a symbol of goodness and of everything that was right with the French monarchy. Also as queen, she made many changes that affected France's system of government and law.Marie had abolished the law of segregated dining spaces, as she felt it was wrong. She had gained popularity with people of France at first with her generosity as she continuosly gave to the poor of Paris. † After the Revolution, Marie faced the women who stormed Versailles and when her family and her were forced to live in Paris as prisoners she never lost hope that she would find a way to get out and hold her family's reputation as well as her political career; Even after the Republic was proclaimed in 1792, and her husband was executed. (Barker 5) Despite the tragic outcome of Marie Antoinette's life, she never blamed her people. She remained a devoted mother and wife, although her life as the Queen of France ended in a moments notice. Although many through time have viewed her as a shallow, weak and a self- indulgent person. But through recent years many historians have concluded the opposite; seen more as a lively, misunderstood, and compassionate character. She was a devoted mother,making sure her children were well educated, and cherished.And even when she knew her life was coming to an end, she made sure her children were in safe hands. And as Queen, she wanted the best for her people, giving generous donations and contributions to the minority. Marie Antoinette as a person and a friend was quite possibly one of her best traits, marked through history. The Political side of her and her family status was the main source of The French Revolution. She was proud to be french, but in the end all the hopes she had for her country demolished right before her eyes. But as terrible as she might be portrayed in your history books.Marie Antoinette will always be the last Queen France ever had. Bibliography Barker, Nancy. â€Å"Let Them Eat Cake: The Mythical Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. † Historian (Summer 1993): 709-25. Madame Campan. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. N. p. : Barker, n. d. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. Web. 01 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"Marie Antoinette Biography. † Marie Antoinette Biography. N. p. , 01 July 2012. Web. 25 Aug. 2012. . Moore, Marianne. â€Å"Marie Antoinette. † New World Encyclopedia. N. p. , 03 Apr. 2007. Web. 01 Sept. 2012. .

Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Essay Example

Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Essay Example Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Paper Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Paper Medical science has verifiable and documented evidence regarding the bad effects of sleep deprivation on our bodies. Some of the side effects are irritability, shorter attention spans, sluggishness, and the feeling of being tired all day even if you take a nap in the afternoon. This is because the human body requires a full eight hours of sleep in order to recharge the equivalent of our internal rechargeable batteries as well as allow our various organs to gain some much needed rest after a long and tiring day of constant use. The human body runs in cycles with its highest energy points being after a well rested night of sleep and its low point being at the end of the day when our body begins to lag in terms of energy, or, when we lack sleep. Getting the full 8 hours of sleep is vital to our daily function as a person because it allows us to become more productive and conducive to the various new events unfolding around us that enter our brain and add to our knowledge. When we sleep early, the brain manages to rest and process all the data of the day in a way that makes it useful to us in the coming days. This is why sleeping early makes a man Wise. Sleeping early is also beneficial to our heart because at a certain point during the night, our body automatically goes into rest mode and all our body functions slow down in order to give the heart time to rest. That means our heart needs to rest for 8 hours also. Sleep is of vital importance in keeping our body healthy. Allow me to explain the need to sleep a full 8 hours in order to get the benefits out of life further by using myself as an example. When I was working the fire watch duty at the Chevron Refinery Company, I was usually assigned to the graveyard shift from 6 PM to 6 AM in the morning. Driving home was a dangerous activity for me because I was so sleep deprived that I often found myself dozing off at the wheel. Mentally, I knew I had to drive home safely in order to rest. Physically, my body just wanted to sleep anywhere it was comfortable to do so. Such as in the soft seat of my car. After a few weeks of working the graveyard shift, my body forced me to accept the fact that I could not go on that way. I began to get leg cramps, and I developed an eating disorder and stomach problems due to the out of proper time that I was having my meals. But those were just the start of the problems brought on by my sleep deprivation. At home, I became moody and temperamental. I am usually a kind father but I then found myself constantly yelling at my son and become physical with him for the slightest infractions that did not deserve a beating. I was becoming an abusive mother because I was not sleeping properly. I was not being Wise. It was now becoming a psychological problem for me as well because I was always exhausted from working and just wanted to sleep when everyone else around me was awake. I fell behind in my household chores as well and left the house unkempt with the laundry undone. I no longer cared about how I or my clothes looked. I began to look unhealthy to most people and I cannot say I blame them for thinking that I was having health issues at the time. I certainly looked my worst when I was working that graveyard shift. Imagine seeing a person with oily hair, bad skin, and looking in bad need of a soak in the tub. That is how I looked physically. Not a pretty sight caused by sleep deprivation. Eventually, I realized that I did not like the person I was becoming all because I lacked sleep and was tired all the time. I quit my graveyard shift job and have been sleeping regularly now. Everyone has noticed the change the added sleep hours has given me. When they ask me what I did, tell them with a smile, â€Å"Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. †

Resume Writing, FUN Yes! Here Are My Top 7 Ways

Resume Writing, FUN Yes! Here Are My Top 7 Ways On May 12th, I presented a webinar for Yale alumni on the Top 7 Ways to Make Resume Writing FUN! Does this sound like an event you’d want to attend?  (Spoiler: Keep reading for a link to watch it!) Top 7 Ways to Make Resume Writing FUN! Speaker: Brenda Bernstein, Yale College Alumna and Certified Executive Resume Master / Certified Master Resume Writer It’s time to write or edit your resume. Do you greet this project with enthusiasm or do you scream AAARGH!? Whether you are a new grad, a career changer, or a senior executive, you probably have at least a little resistance to writing the most important career document of your life. The good news: Resume writing does not have to be a drag. In this webinar, Brenda Bernstein will give you her Top 7 Ways to Make Resume Writing FUN! PLAY the Resume GAME SPICE UP your formatting POWER UP your verbs DISCOVER Resume Tetris GO on a treasure hunt TURN worry into CREATIVITY And GET the JOB Have FUN and write a winning resume at the same time. Don’t miss this opportunity to take the AAARGH out of resume writing! If you answered Yes that you wish you could have been on this webinar, you’re in luck! The Yale Office of Career Strategy was generous enough to give me permission to share the link to the recording. So as a break from my weekly written articles, I’m sharing this webinar with you today. Enjoy (and don’t mind the bulldog images sprinkled throughout the slide deck)! CLICK  BELOW TO WATCH Note: The discount offer in the webinar has expired, but the $50 Resume Review and $50 LinkedIn Profile Review services are still available to you! You can sign up for those here: Resume Review Special LinkedIn Profile Review Special Let me know if you have any questions or other suggestions for playing the resume writing game. I look forward to your comments!

Funny Thanksgiving Quotes

Funny Thanksgiving Quotes Thanksgiving celebrations make for great memories. Its not just the food; the atmosphere of warmth, fun, and humor adds to the festivity and contributes to the family legacy. Grandparents have anecdotes to share about their Thanksgiving holidays, and you can create a trove of memories to pass on to the next generation and create a tradition around values such as love, sharing, generosity, and fun. Serve Humor for Thanksgiving One such tradition could be to make Thanksgiving a day of laughter. Encourage your guests to share funny anecdotes, jokes, and quotes after dinner. These funny Thanksgiving quotes are great for a side dish of humor: Alice B. Toklas: American writer What is sauce for the goose may be sauce for the gander but is not necessarily sauce for the chicken, the duck, the turkey, or the guinea hen. George Carlin: American comedian Were having something a little different this year for Thanksgiving. Instead of a turkey, were having a swan. You get more stuffing. Mitch Hedberg: American comedian If you stand in the meat section at the grocery store long enough, you start to get mad at turkeys. There’s turkey ham, turkey bologna, turkey pastrami. Someone needs to tell the turkey, ‘Man, just be yourself. Ambrose Bierce: American writer, journalist (The Devils Dictionary) Turkey: A large bird whose flesh, when eaten on certain religious anniversaries, has the peculiar property of attesting piety and gratitude. Ellen Orleans: American author I have strong doubts that the first Thanksgiving even remotely resembled the ‘history’ I was told in second grade. But considering that (when it comes to holidays) mainstream America’s traditions tend to be overeating, shopping, or getting drunk, I suppose it’s a miracle that the concept of giving thanks even surfaces at all. Kin Hubbard: American cartoonist, journalist A lot of Thanksgiving days have been ruined by not carving the turkey in the kitchen. Erma Bombeck: American humorist, columnist (No One Diets on Thanksgiving) What were really talking about is a wonderful day set aside on the fourth Thursday of November when no one diets. I mean, why else would they call it Thanksgiving? Cornelius Plantinga Jr.: American theologist It must be an odd feeling to be thankful to nobody in particular. Christians in public institutions often see this odd thing happening on Thanksgiving Day. Everyone in the institution seems to be thankful in general. Its very strange. Its a little like being married in general. Alton Brown: TV personality, author Thats the ultimate goal of most turkey recipes: to create a great skin and stuffing to hide the fact that turkey meat, in its cooked state, is dry and flavorless. Does it have to be that way? No. We just have to focus on what the turkey is and what the turkey needs. Ted Nugent: American rock musician If you want to save a species, simply decide to eat it. Then it will be managed- like chickens, like turkeys, like deer, like Canada geese. Russell Baker: American humor columnist It was dramatic to watch my grandmother decapitate a turkey with an ax the day before Thanksgiving. Nowadays the expense of hiring grandmothers for the ax work would probably qualify all turkeys so honored with gourmet status. Jim Davis: American cartoonist Vegetables are a must on a diet. I suggest carrot cake, zucchini bread, and pumpkin pie. Jon Stewart: American comedian, commentator I celebrated Thanksgiving in an old-fashioned way. I invited everyone in my neighborhood to my house, we had an enormous feast, and then I killed them and took their land. Johnny Carson: American comedian, talk show host Thanksgiving is an emotional holiday. People travel thousands of miles to be with people they only see once a year. And then discover once a year is way too often. Anonymous May your stuffing be tastyMay your turkey be plump,May your potatoes and gravyHave nary a lump.May your yams be deliciousAnd your pies take the prize,And may your Thanksgiving dinnerStay off your thighs!

Essay in Managerial Economics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

In Managerial Economics - Essay Example In the banking industry therefore, these relationship in governance may be quite complicated in the sense that the regulatory oversight is very likely to compromise the alignment of incentives. Several arguments have been advanced to suggest that the huge payment packages to the executive emanate from the influence of powerful managers who design the payments as well as extracting rents from companies. On the other hand, some argue that the large pay package for the executives is a result of optimal contracting in a market that is fairly competitive especially for talents in management. The importance of regulators as Berger et al. (2000) argue is to evaluate the bank holding condition. The supervisor analyze firm on the basis of financial conditions and risk management as well as present a bank with an assessment that is confidential. The issue of supervisory rating is related to executive compensation in banks, in that weaker ratings are closely related to intensive outside monitor ing by the regulators. As such, the most favorable executive compensation design can be developed from a trade-off between risk shifting and perk consumption both of which are agency problems that the executives are faced with. Risk shifting can be said to be the risky behavior that managers undertake because of an incentive based compensation or reward. Perk compensation on the other hand, is consuming perks to the detriment of shareholders especially when there is little or no incentive based compensation for the managers. In instances where there is strong outside monitoring by the regulators, the limit risk usually shift on the managers part paid equity, consequently, an optimal design of executive compensation is achieved with improved sensitivity of pay for performance. Consequently, regulatory monitoring is capable of increasing the risk adverse behavior on the part of the executive. It therefore follows that in order for the executive to perform, their payment must be relate d to their performance. The banking industry is a unique sector in the sense that it must be able to operate within the regulatory confines (Sierra et al. 2006). The importance of government regulation cannot there be overemphasized. This is because the deposit insurance as well as system of payment ensures that the government can effective make a claimant on the assets of a bank. Discussion In the current global financial crisis, there are several causes that have been on the spotlight to explain the state. This causes as advanced include: the guiding philosophy for the global neo liberalism, the increase in the number of the subprime mortgages, and also the presence of the real estate market that is uncontrolled. That notwithstanding, it is the contention of this paper that there is more to current status than the aforementioned causes and that the main contributor to the current crisis has its roots in the problem of incentive. According to Fee & Hadlock (2003), an incentive can be defined in simple terms as a way of convincing persons to do less of the bad things and more of the good ones. It goes without saying that incentives form the basis of corporate life, especially in instance where the executives are involved, understanding them can be a key factor in addressing almost any riddle in an organization. However, the current corporate governance

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Management - Essay Example In the contemporary business language, that term has been replaced by HRM, while its description has remained the same. Management of people involves such tasks as hiring and adjusting them, assigning them their respective tasks, and addressing their needs. All of these functions are performed by HR department. So, HR function has a cardinal role to play in the management of people within an organization. What is the role of the first line supervisor or manager in managing people within an organization? First line managers in an organization have a direct interaction with the workers that practically work in the field. First line managers are assigned the responsibility to look after the needs of workers and manage them in the way that would keep the work flowing smoothly. They are directed to do so by the middle managers who are in turn, instructed by the top managers. First line managers make sure that there is sufficient material and equipment available on site, workers are adequa tely allotted their respective tasks, their productivity is up to the mark, they are dropped into and carried from the site without any inconvenience and are provided with food, leave passes and compensation. All of these and such other works are included under the umbrella term of â€Å"management†. As a first line manager looks after all these factors for the workers, he essentially plays a very important role in managing the people within an organization. ... This is what is taken care of by the first line managers. They look after the lowest side of the overall picture so that the progress remains consistent with the strategies of the top managers. Who is responsible for ensuring all HR policies and practices are implemented within the organization? In any organization, the responsibility of ensuring adequate implementation of all HR policies and practices fundamentally rests with the Director of the HR department. The director is supposed to advise the managers regarding various matters of huge significance to the organization. As HR department formulates the strategies, policies and practices to facilitate the work, the HR Director is answerable to the organization owners and/or top managers for their effective implementation and follow up. The director is at the top of the HR department, and is responsible for all actions and activities of the HR department. It is quite reasonable to expect the HR Director to take necessary measures f or adequate implementation of the policies and practices devised by the HR department. Who is responsible for the performance of employees within an organization? In any organization, it is the Human Resource Manager (HRM), who is expected to look after the performance of employees and manage it. Employees perform best when they are satisfied. Employees derive their motivation for work from their satisfaction with various aspects of job. An employee can not be expected to perform adequately unless his/her individualistic concerns are addressed. There are several factors that need to be taken care of in order to keep the employees motivated. These factors include their salary, accommodation, work

Modern Biotechnology and Its Role in European Unions Economy Essay

Modern Biotechnology and Its Role in European Unions Economy - Essay Example This essay stresses that human medicine and healthcare are the most important area where modern technology is highly applied through the biotechnological publications and patent rights with the inventions of new biotechnological products. Modern biotechnology has widespread applications in human medicine and health care, which makes a very important contribution to the economy of the European Union region countries. Modern biotechnology in the medicine and healthcare sector adds to the European Union's gross value addition by about one percent. Furthermore, modern biotechnology provides very effective tools for research and development on biopharmaceuticals, which leads to inventions of new drugs that are sold hence generating revenues to countries within the EU region. This article makes a conclusion that modern biotechnology enhances the competitiveness of the EU companies by enabling them renew their production strategies in the breeding of quality crops, livestock, and enzyme production. The biotechnology sector also contributes to employment to the EU citizens. Highly trained individuals get better-paying jobs in the biotechnology sector as the researchers and developers of the new biotechnological products. Above all, modern biotechnology is creating sustainable ways of growing and developing the European Union economy. Modern biotechnology has become very important in modern day as explained in the paper.

National Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

National Curriculum - Essay Example This paper approves that the patterns they describe are very characteristic of language maintenance and attrition among immigrant minority language groups worldwide, in English-dominant settings, when factors such as the degree of community integration/isolation, the nature of links between language and religion and the degree of contact with the country of origin are well documented as affecting language maintenance and transmission. This report makes a conclusion that the pupils generally saw little connection between their learning of the home language and formal foreign language learning in school. Just one pupil saw some positive connections between her earlier formal study of English as a foreign language in Iran and her present formal study of a European language, as this meant that formal grammar was not new to her. But as an effective learning method, this pupil personally advocated immersion rather than formal classes. One pupil commented that knowing several languages was a disadvantage, because she mixed them up; the others generally had little to say on the process of language learning, at most contrasting 'picking up' the language of the home with formal study. In the final instance of reported teacher interest, one modern foreign language teacher in School 3 was said to encourage her bilingual pupils, telling them that they should be confident about foreign language learning because of their earlier success. This was doubted however: 'you can't really; it's just the same as an English student you know, like knowing English, but having trouble with French'.

Children appear capable of using lexical information to resolve Essay

Children appear capable of using lexical information to resolve syntactic ambiguities, but their ability to use referential information is questionable. Discuss - Essay Example gely thought to have acquired the linguistic facts of their language, the focus of adult psycholinguistic research has been on how they process language as they hear or use it. On the other hand, the focus of child language research has been on the documentation of children’s knowledge states at various points in development; with very little emphasis on how they process their language. This appears to be an area needing further investigation as, logically, children need also apply a meaningful analysis to their inputs in order to learn language. That is, acquisition necessarily implies that parser. This paper examines the aspect of difficulties and limitations encountered by children in using referential information while they deploy with ease lexical information to resolve syntactic ambiguities. 5 The main emphasis of the Psycholinguistic research has been on comprehending as to how adults interpret language in real time. Several authors (Trueswell & Tanenhaus, 1991; Tanenhaus, Spivey-Knowlton, Eberhard & Sedivy, 1995;Altmann & Steedman, 1988; Britt, 1994) have uncovered ,within this domain of examination a complex and interactive language 6 processing system capable of swift and almost instantaneous coordination of linguistic characteristics of the message with contextual or scene specific information. Trueswell et al (1999) investigated the moment by moment language learning process in children using a technique that involved recording eye movements, done deploying a head-mounted eye-tracking system to monitor eye movements, as participants responded to spoken instructions. This research found that,† systematic differences in how children and adults process spoken language: Five Year Olds did not take into account relevant discourse/pragmatic principles when resolving temporary syntactic ambiguities, and showed little or no ability to revise initial parsing commitments. Adults showed sensitivity to these discourse constraints at the earliest

Critically evaluate the significance of leadership as it relates to Assignment

Critically evaluate the significance of leadership as it relates to driving the culture of an organisation. To support your anal - Assignment Example Leadership is usually associated with motivation; the incentive theory suggests that the employee will increase their efficiency if they are offered incentives (Handy, 2007). However, certain theorists believed that employees are often driven by economic needs which are also known as rational assumptions (Handy, 2007). Management is a logical process which requires the emotional intelligence of the manager to handle the human resources of the organization. Leadership and Management are interrelated but cannot be used interchangeably and there are three dimensions of leadership which is needed for effective management which are planning, negotiation and rewarding. Managers are concerned with the achievement of targets; however leaders are concerned with fresh approaches of how to manage the employees of the organization through inspiration and motivation. Theories related to satisfaction of the worker are very limited; a satisfied worker may not work harder but he/ she tends to stay l onger in the existing organization (Handy, 2007). As per author Kotter, management is about dealing with the complexity of the problems whereas leadership is about coping with change and bringing order and consistency in the organization (Sadler, 2003). The difference between management and leadership was first defined by theorist James McGregnor in the year 1978 (Sadler, 2003). The theory laid emphasis on the difference between transactional and transformational leadership. Transactional leadership occurs when the manager takes the initiative in offering some form of satisfaction in return for something valued (Sadler, 2003). Managers who exhibit the transactional leadership skills are usually associated with ability to attain results and solve problems through proper planning, organizing, directing and controlling and work methodically within the structure and the boundary of the organization. Organizational culture and transformational leadership are interrelated and also has a s ignificant impact on the organizational effectiveness. Transformational leadership qualities lead to excellent performance of the employees which are beyond the expectations of the organization. As per authors Denison and Mishra, there are usually four cultural traits that are related positively with the organizational performance which are involvement, consistency, participation and normative integration (Xenikou and Simosi, 2006). Managers following transformational leadership skill promote an environment that helps in achievement of high goals. Transformational leadership is mainly concerned with the intellectual simulation, accomplishment, and individual consideration. In addition it was also proved that there are certain organizations which have certain group norms that help in promoting self actualization, participation in decision making, moral and social support, cooperation etc. The organizational culture theory as proposed by Cook and Rousseau suggests that culture is comp osed of the shared values of a social group acquired through socialization process and can be acquired through socialization process and exposure to variety of culture bearing elements (Xenikou and Simosi, 2006). These culture bearing element constitute of social interaction, employee behaviour and their performance.

Children appear capable of using lexical information to resolve Essay

Children appear capable of using lexical information to resolve syntactic ambiguities, but their ability to use referential information is questionable. Discuss - Essay Example gely thought to have acquired the linguistic facts of their language, the focus of adult psycholinguistic research has been on how they process language as they hear or use it. On the other hand, the focus of child language research has been on the documentation of children’s knowledge states at various points in development; with very little emphasis on how they process their language. This appears to be an area needing further investigation as, logically, children need also apply a meaningful analysis to their inputs in order to learn language. That is, acquisition necessarily implies that parser. This paper examines the aspect of difficulties and limitations encountered by children in using referential information while they deploy with ease lexical information to resolve syntactic ambiguities. 5 The main emphasis of the Psycholinguistic research has been on comprehending as to how adults interpret language in real time. Several authors (Trueswell & Tanenhaus, 1991; Tanenhaus, Spivey-Knowlton, Eberhard & Sedivy, 1995;Altmann & Steedman, 1988; Britt, 1994) have uncovered ,within this domain of examination a complex and interactive language 6 processing system capable of swift and almost instantaneous coordination of linguistic characteristics of the message with contextual or scene specific information. Trueswell et al (1999) investigated the moment by moment language learning process in children using a technique that involved recording eye movements, done deploying a head-mounted eye-tracking system to monitor eye movements, as participants responded to spoken instructions. This research found that,† systematic differences in how children and adults process spoken language: Five Year Olds did not take into account relevant discourse/pragmatic principles when resolving temporary syntactic ambiguities, and showed little or no ability to revise initial parsing commitments. Adults showed sensitivity to these discourse constraints at the earliest

Translation of MRNA to Proteins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Translation of MRNA to Proteins - Essay Example This include the A(amino acid) site, where the aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon base combine with the mRNA codon ensuring the actual amino acid is included in the growing polypeptide chain. The second site is the P (polypeptide) site where the amino acid is moved from its TRNA to the growing chain of polypeptide. The third site is the E (exit) site where the empty TRNA stays before it is released back to the cytoplasm to combine with another amino acid and the process is repeated (Clancy and William, 2008). The next phase in the translation process is the elongation phase. In this phase, the ribosome moves with the mRNA in a direction referred to 5’ to 3’ direction, which needs the elongation factor G. The tRNA that corresponds to the second codon bids to the site A, a step that requires the guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which provides energy for the process and the elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts. After the TRNA- amino acid complex is in site A, GTP is broken down to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and released together with EF-Tu so as to be recycled by Elongation factor EF-Ts for the next process (Clancy and William, 2008). The next process is the formation of peptide bonds between the first and second adjacent amino acid through the activity of peptidyl transferase. Once the peptide bond is formed, the ribosome translocates causing the tRNA to occupy the E site. The tRNA is released to the cytoplasm to combine with another amino acid. Additionally, the site A remains empty and is ready to accept the mRNA for the next codon. This process occurs repeatedly until all the codons in the mRNA are read by the TRNA molecules, and the amino acids attached to the tRNA are joined to the chain of the growing polypeptide in the appropriate order. As soon as this takes place, translation process is terminated; the nascent protein is released from the ribosome and the mRNA (Clancy and William,

How the English Tell Jokes Essay Example for Free

How the English Tell Jokes Essay I assume that the reader of this essay may have had heard of the story of the tower of Babel. It is a story from the Bible (no intention of offense to those who aren’t supposed to read it) about men trying to reach the heavens by building a really, as in very tall tower. In the story, all men initially had one language that can be understood by all. God was offended and infuriated by the tower so He had effortlessly destroyed many years worth of efforts of all men back then. God had punished all men by giving them so many languages so that there was confusion because men can’t understand each other anymore. So those with the same languages had grouped together. I had assumed that in this story, the Englishmen were very easy to pinpoint among the crowd consisting of all of humanity. The Englishmen were probably the only race that was laughing about what happened to the tower. The Englishmen could have been joking about the tower looking like a Poseidon’s boner and consistently laughing at the ‘bloke’ who had thought of building such a tower. American comedy sure is popular around the globe, but people forget to give the credit to the ones that inspired some American comedians excel in the field of making people laugh until tears fall from their eyes while having stomach spasms from laughing uncontrollably. Who would forget the English classics like Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Little England, not to mention contemporary shows like Mr. Bean, The Office, The Monty Phyton, and many more? (Taylor, 2004)There was certainly something special with English comedy for it to gain worldwide appreciation. Was it because there were something different in the way English people tell and deliver their jokes? Or is it that the English humor itself is very different thus making it a special kind of humor? Does the accent of the English people have something to do with their world-renowned good delivery of funny jokes? Of course these inquiries are quite improbable to arrive at single answers. But still, this essay will try to present the possible reasons why Englishmen are so funny. The essay will also strive to give the reader a concrete idea of the manner of how the Englishmen tell their funny jokes. The Englishmen, and that include women of course, take pride in being one of the happiest, if not craziest (in the most admirable sense of the word) cultures that has made this world laugh and laugh all over again. In fact, it is one of England’s best known positive traits, being funny like hell. There even exists such extreme notion that goes something like the country of England is the nation that has more humor than any other nation. But wait, that extreme notion doesn’t end there. The country of England even believes that they are consistently funnier too. For me, that notion doesn’t really give out a negative feel to it. Well, of course some other nations may have the same claims. But still, those other nations won’t have the archive of evidences of comedic superiority of the Englishmen. There even exist testimonies from foreigners that have set foot on England. They had testified that England is indeed a place wherein you’d be remembering jokes when you remember your stay there. England’s incomparable humor is something that every Englishmen should be proud and boast about their country. We can even consider that one of England’s best and highest-quality of imports is English humor. It is England’s gift to the world. It appears that the music wasn’t the only gift of England to the whole of the world, it was but laughter. Another almost equally admirable about the Englishmen is that they have this really commendable humor that can laugh at themselves and at their own failures. That trait gives a very positive and a cheerful quality to the Englishman, which are I believe necessary traits for every comedian regardless of race. But still of course, foreigners may have a very different reaction, since everything in this world is relative. Some foreigners wouldn’t even find the jokes of England as funny as their own personal taste won’t adhere to the mild dose of self-deprecation, hefty amount of sarcasm, and a barrage of irony and satire. These comedic elements are conventionally found in the jokes of Englishmen. Some people may find the English jokes as dry humor, at least, or humorless at worst. The reason behind this conflict in the differences of humor is that some people are conservative, while some are even more conservative beyond the word conservative can even define. Some English jokes go to the extent of being vulgar and green-mannered. Ergo, some of the non-English, or even some English conservatives, can’t help but be offended. But since England is such a fun loving nation, I guess the number of the â€Å"some† that got offended is not worth in comparison to making people laugh (Burton, 1857: 322). I certainly agree with the Englishmen with this kind of thinking since I also believe ethics, religion, and rules of conventions are what make this world a sad place. Why can’t we all not laugh about them just like the Englishmen do? The reason why I had spent almost half of the paper discussion about how a fun and humor loving nation England is, is because I believe that that is the main reason why English jokes are so funny. They are people who loves fun and they pass time making jokes and laughing at them. In that sense they have much practice in the field of humor more than any other country. Through that argument we can even call the people of England as experts of humor. Another reason of why is started praising England’s fun loving attitude is that they believe in their jokes, they are confident about it that is why these jokes are so effective. We all know that believing in something really makes that thing work. Just like how many high-school basketball team that doesn’t win a game tell its players to believe to achieve. But what make English humor so special is the people of England themselves. Since England really believes that they are the funniest people in the world, they become what they believe they really are. It is like some sort of self-fulfilling prophecy in the world of humor. I guess a comedian should be first convinced with one’s self that he or she is funny before that individual sets out to do something funny. England’s self-concept of being the funniest nation is really ideal for aspiring comedians. That maybe the why there are so many comedians in England, from the local comedy bar to the television (or telly as how they put it) to the streets or even in their politics. One of the most probable reason why England posses such good-humored self-concept (of the country) is because they had they had a rich and very interesting history. Instead of crying over sad parts of their history, the Englishmen had learned how to laugh at their own misfortunes. Here is an example of a joke that expresses England’s frustrations about their failures in the World Cup: Two Blokes talking while watching a soccer game†¦ Bloke 1: Is there a difference between the country of England and a bag of tea? Bloke 2: I don’t know. What? Bloke 1: There is much chance that the bag of tea will stay longer in the cup. (The English Sense of Humor) If we really try to asses how the people of England tell their jokes, we are bound to discover that they just tell their jokes like most cultures do. The English humor is not much different with the whole of the world. If we dissect popular English jokes, we would discover that they also employ basic elements of comedy like proper timing, understatement and exaggeration. These elements are not even advanced techniques in the field of comedy. These are just basic elements that even a ten-year-old can employ with his jokes. These comedic elements are just common knowledge that we hear and even do execute on a daily basis without even knowing it. The English are just telling jokes just like everyone of us. The English also follow certain conventions of delivering good jokes. Among these conventions is the use of the situation, action, punch line technique. This technique is so familiar to us I believe that it doesn’t require elaboration. This is the comedic technique that is made popular especially by stand-up comedians. (Howe, 1898: 12) To give us more light regarding the issue of English humor, the essay of Nicholson, aptly given the title The English Sense of Humor, he had specified elements that he believes constitute the very funny English jokes. Some of these elements are kindliness, fancy, and laziness (Nicholson, 1946: 43). Setting aside the kindliness element, we can see that the other elements, fancy and laziness are giving out a negative connotation. I know that the author had no bad intention of portraying the people of England in a negative light, but it is beyond the control of the author to control the opinion of others who might interpret the essay as portraying English people as fanciful and lazy. One the main reason why the people of England are so good in delivering jokes is that they are honest people. Honest in terms of being comfortable to express their opinions and share their experiences, may it be sad or glad, through beautifully constructed and delivered jokes. I guess since I arrived to the conclusion that the humor of the English people is not much different from they the whole world is delivering their jokes. It guess that since we can’t arrive in a substantial concrete answers to the query, we will just have to go with the most practical explanation. We can conclude that the English are good at telling jokes because of their cheerful and fun loving attitude. They love to laugh, so they make jokes to continue the thing that they love. Also their unique accent is quite efficient for delivering jokes. List of References Burton, W. E. (1857)Cyclopedia of Wit and Humor, of America, Ireland, Scotland, and England. New York: D. Appleton Co. Howe, W. H. (1898)English Wit and Humor. Michigan: University of Michigan Press Nicholson, H. (1946)The English Sense of Humor: An Essay. London: Dropmore Publishing Taylor. I. (2004)Exploring Englishness. Available from: http://www. zyworld. com/albionmagazineonline/features2. htm The English Sense of Humor. [Internet Discussion]. Available from: http://www. anglik. net/britishjokes. htm [Accessed 8 March 2008]

Elective Cesarean Section Procedure Health And Social Care Essay

Elective Cesarean Section Procedure Health And Social Care Essay Cesarean sections, once performed to save the life of mother or baby, are now offered as an elective procedure. Women choose elective cesarean sections in the belief that the surgery is safe and vaginal birth poses risk of harm to themselves or their child. A look at studies and literature shows that these unwanted consequences of vaginal delivery result from the aggressive management of labor by obstetricians. Rather than resorting to major surgery, a return to the midwifery model of care will benefit mother and babies in low-risk pregnancies. Elective Cesarean Section Once reserved as a procedure of last resort to save the life of mother or baby, cesarean section (CS) surgery is now offered as an elective procedure to mothers who wish to avoid the experience of labor and delivery. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) published a committee opinion in November 2003 supporting the permissibility of elective cesarean delivery in a normal pregnancy, after adequate informed consent(American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], p. 1101). Women may choose this option in the belief that circumventing vaginal delivery preserves the integrity of their pelvic floor, or provides better outcomes for their children. Although some believe birth by elective cesarean section (ECS) is preferable to vaginal birth, it can be shown that in low-risk pregnancies, vaginal birth is safer for both mother and baby. Supporters of ECS believe vaginal delivery results in damage to the pelvic floor, which may lead to urinary incontinence (UI), anal incontinence, sexual dysfunction, or pelvic organ prolapsed (Nygaard Cruikshank, 2003). There are studies that support this belief. In one study of primiparous women twenty-six percent had incontinence at six months postpartum, the rate being lowest with elective cesarean (five percent), higher with cesarean during labour (twelve percent), higher still following a spontaneous vaginal birth (twenty-two percent) and highest following a vaginal forceps delivery (thirty-three percent) (Hannah, 2004, p. 813). The physicians that champion the cause of ECS and the women who buy into their sales pitch for ECS believe they are preventing this damage. However, an ECS may not guarantee prevention of pelvic floor damage, and its benefits are at best short-term. Some women who undergo ECS suffer from incontinence, suggesting pregnancy itself, along with hereditary indications, are risk factors (Leeman, 2005; Nygaard Cruikshank, 2003). Other studies indicate there are no significant differences between the vaginal birth and CS groups at two years postpartum (Goer, 2001). Buschsbaum, Chin, Glantz, and Guzick (2002) found no significant differences exist in the prevalence of UI between nulliparous and parous women after menopause. Before we point the finger at the natural process of vaginal delivery as the cause of this pelvic floor damage, we should look at the interventions that may cause these problems. Goer (2001) suggests obstetric interventions of second stage labor, not vaginal birth, causes damage to the pelvic floor. Obstetric management such as episiotomies, forceps and vacuum extractions, dorsal lithotomy position, and the Valsalva maneuver may be the cause of the pelvic floor compromise the ECS supporters are concerned about. Goer suggests using upright positions for pushing, following the patients natural urges to push, and elimination of routine episiotomies to decrease the damage to the pelvic floor. If she is correct, and alterations in routine obstetric care remove the concern of pelvic floor damage, then the safety of the baby becomes the cry of ECS supporters. The ECS supporters argue the safety issue with multiple claims for the protective value of skipping labor and vaginal delivery. They claim we can preemptively protect the fetus by CS prior to the onset of labor. This protection can include: the reduction of stillbirth related to post-maturity, damage from oxygen deprivation secondary to cord compression during labor and delivery, and birth trauma related to use of forceps or vacuum extraction (Armson, 2007). For mothers with medical conditions or the compromised fetus, a scheduled CS is a valid option. However, labor and vaginal delivery is a natural, generally safe, process, not something from which the low-risk fetus needs protection. Those opposed to ECS believe risks to the infant from vaginal birth are minimal and adverse fetal outcomes rare, however, we may be increasing risks due to unnecessary obstetrical interventions during labor and birth. For the low-risk patient, the increase in maternal morbidity and mortality (Armson, 2007) resulting from major surgery does not justify the possibility of preventing the rare adverse fetal outcome. Better screening of those patients at risk will properly identify those patients who would legitimately benefit from surgery. Similar to the suggestion that obstetric management causes damage to the mothers pelvic floor, Goer (2001) argues that obstetric interventions also put the baby at risk. In first stage labor these interventions include pitocin augmentation and artificial rupture of membranes. In second stage labor, the same interventions that injure the mother, such as forceps, vacuum extraction, and sustained Valsalva maneuver, cause trauma for the infant. She suggest s patience, gentle management of labor and delivery, and respect for mothers natural pushing ability to reduce injury to the infant. Vaginal delivery with minimal interventions does not need to be feared. Despite improvements in the safety of CS over the years, vaginal birth remains safer than a CS for both mother and baby in low-risk pregnancies. In contrast to ACOGs committee opinion, The American College of Nurse-Midwives Identifies vaginal birth as the optimal mode of birth for women and their babies and this practice [cesarean section] is not supported by scientific evidence (American College of Nurse-Midwives, 2005). Cesarean sections carry significant risks to mother, baby, and interfere with the mother-baby dyad. Short term, vaginal birth is the safest choice for low-risk women, eliminating many of the complications inherent to a CS as listed by Armson (2007): The overall risk of severe maternal morbidity was 3.1 times that in the planned vaginal delivery group, including increased risks of postpartum cardiac arrest, wound hematoma, hysterectomy, major puerperal infection, anesthetic complications, venous thromboembolism and hemorrhage requiring hysterectomy . . . hemorrhage requiring transfusion, hysterectomy and uterine rupture; intensive care admission; and postpartum readmission to hospital (p. 475). Women who birth vaginally face fewer complications, leave the hospital quicker, and have a shorter recovery time (Hannah, 2004). The benefits of vaginal birth are not limited to the immediate period of birth and postpartum. The choice between vaginal and CS impact the entire range of a womans childbearing years. Future labors tend to be shorter for women who birth vaginally. Their deliveries are quicker, and they are less likely to need a CS in the future. In comparison, internal scar tissue and adhesions following a CS increases risk factors for future pregnancies, independent of the future method of delivery (Leeman, 2006). These risks include: infertility; ectopic pregnancy; miscarriage; placenta abnormalities such as placenta previa or placenta acretia; [and] complications of repeat cesarean birth (Armson, 2007, p. 475). Women with placental abnormities face higher maternal mortality and morbidity rates (Lyerly Schwartz, 2004), as well as an increased need for hysterectomies (Armson, 2007). Primary cesarean birth is also associated with increased risks in subsequent pregnancies of preterm delivery, low birth weight, stillbirth and neonatal death (Armson, 2007, p. 476). The mothers choices regarding mode of delivery have long reaching effects for herself, as well as the child that she carries. Vaginal birth is also the safest choice for babies, as they avoid many of the neonatal complications which follow pre-labor CS. These risks include: respiratory problems, persistent pulmonary hypertension, asphyxia, delayed neurologic adaptation and neonatal intensive care admission (Armson, 2007, p. 476). Many et al. (2006) suggest that the mechanism of labor benefits the babys respiratory system. Other complications CS babies face are iatrogenic prematurity (Lyerly Schwartz, 2004), and lacerations or other neonatal trauma during surgery (Armson, 2007). Babies born by CS also face long term health risks; they are more likely to develop asthma, diabetes, food allergies and obesity than vaginally born children (Steer, 2009). The benefits to the mother and the baby as individuals also benefit the mother-baby unit. Finally, mother-baby couplets benefit from a vaginal birth in multiple ways. The natural hormonal rush which occurs in labor prepares a woman for breastfeeding and facilitates bonding. Women who birth vaginally have less discomfort and shorter recovery times following birth and are thus better able to care for, and bond with, their babies. This enhances mother-baby interaction and supports babys emotional development. Breastfeeding rates are higher and depression rates are lower following vaginal birth (International Cesarean Awareness Network, 2008). These benefits extend long term; they establish the foundation of the lifetime mother-child relationship. The decision to give birth by CS greatly affects mother, baby, and future pregnancies and should not be offered electively as if it were a minor cosmetic surgery. The benefits of ECS compared to vaginal birth have not been proven, and the risks are substantial to not just one, but two (or more) patients. Women may fear labor. Birth attendants may fear legal risks from adverse fetal outcomes. These fears do not indicate that womens bodies are incapable of birthing; rather, they indicate the failure of obstetric management of labor. We should not base our decisions on fear or faulty research. We should address the concerns of ECS proponents raise. We need to conduct more research into prevention of pelvic floor damage. The American College of Nurse-Midwives (2005) offers the follow guidelines: Supports womens right to accurate, balanced and complete information regarding the risks and benefits of both vaginal birth and cesarean section. Promotes decision-making about mode of delivery that is evidence based and not unduly influenced by factors such as liability, convenience or economics. Supports further research to evaluate the short and long-term medical, psychosocial, economic and cultural sequelae for mothers, babies, including future pregnancies associated with elective primary cesarean section. As birth attendants follow these guidelines, women will be empowered to make informed decisions about their care. These decisions affect the physical and emotional health of these women and their children for a lifetime. We have an obligation to manage birth in a manner that causes the least harm to mother while providing the best outcome for babies.

Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

Of Mice and Men, was a disturbing tale of friendship, and animosity and immoral nature of the human race. Along the Salinas River and underneath the Gablian Mountains of California during the Great Depression of the 1930’s this novel takes place. A famous writer by the name of John Steinbeck, who was also born in California, is the author of this book. He has also has written many other good books such as The Grapes of Wrath, Cannery Row, and Winter of Our Discontent for which he won a Nobel Prize. He is truly a great writer, and Of Mice and Men is no exception, but while reading this book I was greatly troubled by its ending. I can see why it is an excellent novel, but at the same time it left me with a kind of unpleasant feeling in the back of my mind. I can’t see how an author could write a book with such a short and sudden ending. The last images he leaves the reader with is George and Slim walking off as Curly says â€Å" Now what in the hell is eating them?† thus the book ends on a harsh, cruel note, topped off by the lack of understanding and compassion of an extraordinarily immoral and cruel man. Whatever Steinbeck’s intent for writing such a jarring ending, he leaves the reader with a powerful sense of the world’s immorality. In this book there were several characters, but only a few had significant roles. I would have to say Lennie is the protagonist of the book even though George is an extremely critical character as well. Lennie Small is described as being a monstrous man with the mind of a child, a shapeless face, big pale eyes, sloping shoulders, and big feet that dragged a bit when he walked, much like a bear. George has taken Lennie under his wing and thus Lennie depends solely on George for everything. Ever since Lennie has been with George, he has told Lennie stories of a great place, with a cabin all to their selves, and rabbits for Lennie to care for. This leads me to his next obsession for feeling and caressing soft things such as fur, velvet, or human hair. This is eventually his downfall as when he kills Curley’s wife when he wants to feel her hair. Lennie is not an evil or devious man.

Leukemia Research Paper Essay

PART I: I personally know of a couple of skeletal diseases. I know of Leukemia, which is a type of cancer where white blood cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner, and the cause is unknown. I have also personally met someone with Leukemia, and it is not a slow-moving disease; he unfortunately died within a few years. I know of osteoporosis from the notes. It is a disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue. The cancellous bone loses calcium, becomes thinner, and may eventually disappear altogether. I don’t know if a fracture constitutes as a bone disease, but they can be Spiral, Closed, Open, or Multiple. One of the most well-known bone diseases is Arthritis. It is a disease of the joints; victims suffer pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joints. Many athletes will also show signs of Tendonitis, a disorder involving stiffness or pain in the muscles or joints. I want to find out more about Leukemia, the most relatable disease to me, and what symptoms the victims of it suffer. PART II: I am going to choose to research the skeletal disease of Leukemia, because it has personally affected me in my life. One of our close family friend’s children died of Leukemia when he was five. He had a very advanced form of Leukemia when he was born and it was a very sad time when he passed. I will more specifically be researching Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia, the disease he suffered from. I am looking for treatment options, symptoms, and prevention abilities. PART III: I began my search by typing â€Å"Leukemia† into Google search and got many reliable sources. I chose a source from the Mayo Clinic that clearly defined the disease and had a brief synopsis of the disease. I also went to the Leukemia & Lymphoma society’s website and found a document on the specific type of leukemia I was researching. I also searched the symptoms of Leukemia and found a good source on Medicine Net. SOURCES: – http://www.lls.org/#/diseaseinformation/leukemia/jmml/ – http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/leukemia/DS00351 – http://www.medicinenet.com/leukemia/page5.htm#symptoms PART IV: I learned that Leukemia is a blood cancer that attacks the bone marrow and the Lymphatic system. I learned that many different types exist and treatment can be complex, depending on the type of Leukemia and other factors. I learned that Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia is most commonly diagnosed in infants, much like my close friend. I didn’t know, but JMML is a very uncommon type of blood cancer and it only occurs in infancy and early childhood. I learned that symptoms can be fevers, frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, weight loss for no reason, bleeding and bruising easily, and pain in the joints and bones. I learned that doctors diagnose Leukemia by physical exams as well as blood tests and biopsies. I learned that stem-cell transplantation could be used for treatment of this cancer. My friend had this done with the help of his younger brother, and actually went into remission for two years. I really learned a lot about this disease and have an enlightened perspective on Leukemia and its unfortunate victims.

Interperson Communication Skills

It was only around the sass's that it became consider as an actual practice (Benjamin, 2006). This assignment will deal with some of the most influential of these psychological practices which have developed and evolved since the inception psychology all those years ago. This will be achieved in the way of Deadlier, Gestalt and Person-centered therapies as examples. This will involve focused commentary on their historical background and key concepts with mention given to the therapeutic goals of each of the respective theories. â€Å"Psychology has a long past, but only a short history. (Boring, 1929, p. 9) Deadlier Psychology Deadlier psychology is the psychological method founded by Alfred Adler which was formulated around the idea of â€Å"individual psychology'. Individual Psychology is a humanistic approach and is a modification of Freud ‘s psychoanalysis which encapsulates a body of ideas and approaches more focused on our actual motivations, as an indivisible whole, in our behavior towards a life goal. These goals come in divisions of short term and long term with all the stops in-between being goals that indeed affected our behavior today in our everyday lives.It was Adler ‘s insistence that people were motivated by social influences (as nothing materializes in isolation) and that one was, to a large extent, responsible for who they are and couldn't blame others for the predicaments and short comings they may be experiencing in their current existence (Adler, 1964). Deadlier psychology believes that a person forms a methodology to life within the first 6 years of living and the therapy places great focus on feelings of inferiority.However these feelings of inferiority are not viewed as symbols of deficiency or fragility, but rather a driving source of creativity (Corey, 2009). Deadlier Psychology calls these feelings of inferiority â€Å"the inferiority complex† (which is defined as an intense feeling of inadequacy often culminating in shyness or general evasive behavior) and the therapy is often associated with â€Å"the superiority complex† (defined as the overblown or distorted feeling of superiority to others), albeit Deadlier psychology renders the latter as more of a defense mechanism for those who truly do feel inferior to others (Adler, 1998).In therapy, Deadlines endeavourer to look at the life of the individual from his subjective reality as they believe how the client perceives life is ended more important that what reality demonstrates. This is called the phenomenological perspective and will incorporate various aspects of the clients thought process including his viewpoint, sentiments, beliefs and values. This is of utmost importance as in order to understand the whole person, deadlier psychology states that we cannot be understood in pieces but rather all components of ourselves must be comprehended as a unified whole.This is known as the holistic concept (Corey, 2009). It is here where ef fective empathy is especially important in this hereby, which is in contradiction of Freudian theory that the client must be a blank slate. It would be this empathy and the fact that Freudian therapy encouraged the analyst to be silent during free association, whilst Deadlier psychologists are encouraged to make inquiries and have discussions about the client that would be considered 2 of the major differences in the respective theories (Burrow, 1917). At the beginning of this section on Deadlier psychology I made referenced to the importance of social influences.These influences are articulated as social interest ND are defined as the theory that endeavourers to characterize the relationship between an individual and the people he deals with in his community. It is a trait that is inherent in all human beings which can be trained and developed. Deadlines testify that the more refined and developed ones social interest is, the more it will lessen any feelings of inferiority (Adler, 1998). In therapy, the Deadlier psychologist will attempt an assessment of the clients â€Å"family constellation† which encapsulates the circumstances an individual is born into, including gender and birthing order (Adler, 1964).Particular attention is given to the relationship between siblings in the birthing order and continues through the individuals early recollections. These recollections are very important as they create formative happenings that emphatically develop ones personality. It is hoped that by the end of this process the client will be able to recognize or discern where they went wrong, which could range from conceptual errors and adverse processes (Adler, 1998). Deadlier psychology goes further to say that even though children may be raised in to their location in the birth order.Generally the oldest child enjoys more attention ND whilst no other siblings have been born, has a tendency to be spoiled more. This all changes, however, at the arrival of a new s ibling and will generally find them self evicted from the favored position. The second child from the time of birth shares the attention with the first born, but competitiveness develops which can have an influence their development later in life. This second born is generally quite the opposite of the elder sibling. The middle child often feels excluded.A burden is laid on this child as they often become the middle man, the keeper of the peace who tries their best to keep situations together. The youngest child will always be viewed as the baby and results in the individual being pampered and has a tendency to get things their way. The only child seems to be a mixture of sorts. They share some similarities of the oldest child in this model, but tend not to discover how to share or collaborate with others their age. The only child is also often pampered like the aforementioned youngest child and may want to be the centre of attention at all times (Corey, 2009).In the preceding text I made references to the pampering of a child. Deadlines believe that pampering does play a direct role in a child's placement as spoilt children are raised to expect their requests to be law. This is a result of the parenting figures allowing the child a feeling of eminence, a feeling that the child can get almost anything they want without them striving to have earned it and this generally leads to the child believing this eminence is a birthright. For these children it has become commonplace for them to take and not to give.All this as a consequence could result in the child later in life losing their independence, and not knowing how to resolve issues for themselves (Adler, 1998). In my studies of Freud and Jung I was very intrigued in their dream analysis so was very interested to see how Deadlier psychology views this concept. Whereas Freud viewed dreams as a method of solving issues from the past, Deadlier psychology rather views dreams as a recital of conceivable future even ts and could reflect an individual's current issues (Corey, 2009). Meanings are not determined by situations, but we determine ourselves by the meanings we give to situations. † (Adler, 1937, p. 14). Person-centered Therapy Person-centered therapy (also referred to as Organic Psychology) is the psychological method founded by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers. It is centered on the idea that the individual has enormous potential for understanding themselves and therefore is best placed in the resolving of their own issues without any direct interjections from the therapist. Hence the therapy revolves around the individual as the promoter and architect of their own self change (Corey, 2009).So it would be pertinent to say that one ‘s self concept is of great emphasis in this therapy and thus is defined as the personal perceptions one believes about themselves (Rogers, 2003). The therapy furthermore states that all of us have the capacity for growth towards fulfillme nt of our life ‘s wishes and aspirations. That being said, it is of utmost importance that the therapist provides a comfortable threat free environment for the individual, as to lower their guard, to make it easier for them to defensiveness (Meaner & Throne, 2007).If the aforementioned life aspirations, potentials and fulfillment are indeed reached this is referred to as self actualization and it is the conviction of this therapy that this tendency is the one essential motive driving all of us. If this tendency is promoted and helped along, the person will flourish and develop and start living what they term â€Å"the good life†. By â€Å"the good life† the therapy is referring to the idea that the individual will have reached an apex of a positive mental outlook, have reached a level of congruence and would begin to trust their feelings.Conversely if that tendency is constrained or blocked, the person will deteriorate and/or have greater difficulties (Rogers, 19 51). The importance of this can never be underestimated and is of particular importance as Rogers confirms: â€Å"The organism has one basic tendency and striving – to actuality, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism† (Rogers, 1951, p. 487). The organism Rogers (and indeed the entire therapy in general) in that quote makes reference to is the individual person as a whole inclusive of one ‘s emotions, thoughts and welfare (Rogers, 2003).Person-centered therapy has similarities to Deadlier psychology in the way of Idler's social interest concepts which reflects in Rogers core conditions of therapeutic change. The basis of this is in the emphasis Deadlier psychology invests in caring ND empathy being at the centre of therapy regarding social interest (Watts, 1998), but whereas Deadlier psychology tries to get to the crux of the issue through applied techniques, the Person-centered therapist is non-directive and allows the client to lead the conversation.Th e therapist will ask questions and forward scenarios relevant to what the client is discussing, without answering any directed questions, in an attempt to empower the client to indeed realize the issue at hand and the solution to it for themselves (Rogers, 2003). Initially there were 6 conditions that ere fundamental to Person-centered therapy that are necessary in order to achieve therapeutic change and stimulate growth in a client. The first of these is that two people must engage in psychological contact in order for therapy to commence.The second condition refers to the fact that the client is assumed to be in a state of incongruence (the discrepancy between the matching of your experiences and awareness which results in there being an imbalance between the alignment of your feelings and actions). The next condition is that the therapist himself must be fully self-aware and congruent with the client at all times. The fourth condition is that the therapist portrays unconditional positive regard (UPPER) towards the client.At number five is that the therapist must, above all else, display empathic understanding towards what the client reveals without getting emotionally involved. The final condition is that the expression to the client of the therapist's empathy and positive regard must be achieved to a minimal degree (Rogers, 1957). Over the years, however, the aforementioned 6 conditions have developed, revised and hence reduced to 3 core conditions as over time the others were viewed as nonessential.The 3 conditions that remained and are practiced today are firstly â€Å"congruence†; defined in Person-centered therapy as the therapist having to be as genuine as he possible can towards the client, which is essential as it aids in the establishment of trust between the client and the therapist and thus is considered by many to be the most important part of counseling. The second core condition is â€Å"empathy', which is the issue at hand from the cl ient's perspective (I. E. – what the client is feeling). The therapist needs to appear incredibly authentic and sensitive during sessions, but just always be careful not to confuse empathy with sympathy.Furthermore the therapist must pay attention to the client's experiences as if they were their own, but not at the expense of becoming lost in those emotions. This is referred to as accurate emphatic understanding. The third core condition is â€Å"unconditional positive regard and acceptance† (UPPER). This encapsulates the concept that regardless what the client reveals during therapy, be it good or bad, it will be accepted unconditionally by the therapist with no Judgment passed whilst showing meaningful and genuine understanding for the client.This leads to the client being more at ease and more willing to share experiences without fear of being Judged (Corey, 2009). Person- centered therapy believes that these conditions, as well as the aforementioned self actualiza tion, are all necessary in the achievement of becoming a â€Å"fully functioning person†. A â€Å"fully functional person† is the state of being reached when a person is fully congruent and comfortable with living life in the present (I. E. – not held back by past bad experiences and lives considerably more freely) and when the client has cached this state, it is then that the therapist will begin the â€Å"ending† discussion.The â€Å"ending† discussion refers to the therapist initiating the idea of terminating the sessions as sooner or later; the client needs to go it on their own (Meaner & Throne, 2007). â€Å"It is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been deeply buried† (Rogers, 1961, p. 11). Gestalt Therapy Gestalt therapy is the existential, phenomenological and process based approach formulated by Frizz and Laura Peres which focuses on the human mind and behavior n i ts entirety in relation to the individual's environment (I. E. The whole is more relevant than the quantity of its parts). Gestalt too initially stemmed from Freud ‘s psychoanalytic ideals, but took issue with Freud ‘s view of individual's being mechanistic and insisted how one acts and reacts in the present is far more important than understanding ones past (Corey, 2009). This isn't to say the past was completely overlooked and undervalued, but its relevance was more focused on how events and situations affects one now in the present as all our adaptations to the resistances and events we experienced through our development manifests in our present (Peres, 1969).Clients who engage in Gestalt therapy are generally in a phase of existential dilemma and need to learn to be accountable for their own existence. Gestalt therapy believed that the solution to such issues was found in the client gaining awareness and once this was achieved, genuine adjustments and changes would happen naturally (Nelson-Jones, 2000). Gestalt therapists in the quest for the client to become aware will encourage the client to face the experience in question head on, rather than simply discuss it.For example instead of discussing the bullied abuse the client received at school, the client will be urged to try becoming that tormented child during sessions. This awareness was made up of the client being able to be self accepting and gaining a greater understanding of Person-centered therapy in the way they all prized empathy and accepted the notion of the client having the inherent capacity of being able to accomplish great freedoms and self-reliance.Gestalt does, however, differ from person-centered therapy fundamentally in the way person-centered therapy wishes to limit the therapist's role o that of to a passive mediator of information and that the client already deep down has the solutions (Rogers, 2003), whereas the Gestalt therapist isn't there to Just pay attention and li sten but also engage in dialogue and moreover make the client aware of what presently is happening (Peres, 1969).Furthermore these Gestalt therapy sessions don't follow particular guidelines so therapists are encouraged during to devise experiments and be creative to maximize the client's awareness to the â€Å"what† and the â€Å"how' they are doing things (Yonder, 1993). Gestalt therapy places significant stress on the concept of contact and believes it is necessary if growth is to take place during sessions with clients. Contact is defined as the audible, physical, visual, odorous and actual movement made between those involved in the therapy.Part of the importance of contact is also identifying the disruptions and defiance's to contact that may occur during therapy (Nelson-Jones, 2000) . The most common of these resistances are: â€Å"Interjecting†, which refers to the acceptance of information without entirely considering whether it is something you potentially c oncur with and in most instances not even understanding its meaning. This form of resistance is loaded with ‘should haves', ‘must haves' and ‘l still need to do ‘s' during therapy. â€Å"Projecting† refers to us renouncing facets of ourselves by assigning them to our given environment.Every time we attempt to interpret the world, we project and we tend to see in other people what indeed belongs to us. â€Å"Retroflection† is when we grant ourselves what we indeed want from the environment (I. E. – doing to ourselves what we would actually like to do to another). â€Å"Confluence† involves the fading or blurring of the boundaries that stand between others and us. â€Å"Deflecting† is when he individual dilutes life in the way of making serious issues not seem as serious as they indeed are. Humor and changing of the subject are good examples of deflecting. Desensitizing† is when we chose to block out issues or scenarios we don't want to experience or identify. In Gestalt therapy, this is viewed as a fundamental resistance. â€Å"Egotism† gets a special mention under this section as whereas it isn't directly viewed in gestalt therapy as a resistance as such, it is a familiar component in all the manifestations of our impairments and has been recognized to interfere with good contact (Latter, 1973). In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between the client and the therapist is a dynamic communication which is characterized by empathy, acknowledgement and responsibility.This communication has 4 main aspects including â€Å"inclusion† (being as present as possible without passing any judgment on what the client has to say), â€Å"presence† (the therapist finds ways to express them self during the session towards the client), â€Å"commitment to dialogue† (makes for an understanding and allowance for communication between therapist and client) and â€Å"dialogue is lived† (implying the communication doesn't deed to be only verbal, but can in fact be any method that expresses energy between client and therapist) (Yonder, 1993).There are 6 main principles to Gestalt therapy and are characterized as follows: First is the principle of â€Å"field work†. This therapist gives special attention to how the client connects with his environment. Secondly is the principle of â€Å"holism† which quite simply put, includes everything about the client including thoughts, emotions, dreams and reactions as gestalt therapists assign no preferable value to a particular part of the client. â€Å"Unfinished equines† is the third principle and in gestalt therapy is construed as the unspoken or unexpressed feelings that seem to have attached themselves to specific memories from our past.These feelings can raise their ugly head in our lives and be demonstrated by means of resentment, anxiety, anger and guilt. These hide in the background of our being and find their way into the present in a number of self- defeating expressions and acts. The fourth principle is â€Å"the figure-formation process† which pays attention to how the client regulates and shapes their surroundings from nocturne to Juncture. It furthermore keeps a keen eye on how some element of the environment can appear from the client's background and make itself a centerpiece of the client's attention. Organism self-regulation† is the fifth principle and it makes reference to the innovative adjustment the client makes in relation to his surroundings. The final principle is called â€Å"the now' and is focused on the client truly being in the present as attention given to events from the past, as well as the future, could be a mental diversion to keep the client from dealing with issues in the present moment (Corey, 2009). â€Å"I am not in this world to live up to other people's expectations, nor do I feel that the world must live up to mine. † (Peres, 1969, p. 21).Conclusion In the modern day there is a plethora of psychological methods and therapies, which begs the question: â€Å"Which one is the best and most practical to adopt? † I don't imagine there is a clear and elementary answer to this question, but if I had to be as bold to commit to an answer, I'd imagine my answer would be: â€Å"Somewhere in- between. † My answer isn't as cryptic and inconclusive as it may first appear as wrought all my research for this assignment, as well as previous endeavourers, I have recognized that all the respective methods have their pertinent, compelling and intriguing arguments or merits.They also do, however, seem to have their limitations to lesser or greater degree. So for myself it would make practical sense to use one approach as a basis for therapy, but include all the redeeming aspects of the others if need be. Regardless of one ‘s viewpoint on the approaches I have discussed in this assignment, I can à ¢â‚¬Ëœt help but feel the more tools we have at our disposal, the better